Est. 1800 · Official residence of the U.S. President since 1800 · National Historic Landmark · Burned and rebuilt after the War of 1812 · Designed by James Hoban
The White House at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban and completed for first occupancy by John Adams in November 1800. The building was burned by British forces during the War of 1812 in August 1814 and was rebuilt under Hoban's supervision over the next several years. Subsequent expansions, including the West Wing (1902) and the Truman reconstruction (1948-1952), produced the building's current form.
According to the White House Historical Association, the executive residence has accumulated a documented set of ghost stories nearly as old as the building itself. The Association maintains a formal White House Ghost Stories backgrounder for press and educators, framing the tradition as an extension of the building's institutional memory rather than as a paranormal claim.
Abigail Adams, the first First Lady to live in the building, is the subject of one of the earliest stories: she famously hung laundry in the East Room because most of the new federal city was still swamp. Later residents and staff have reported associated wet-laundry sensations and lavender odors. Abraham Lincoln, who died in 1865, is by an order of magnitude the most-cited presence and has been reported by figures including Grace Coolidge, Eleanor Roosevelt, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, and Winston Churchill.
Sources
- https://www.whitehousehistory.org/press-room/press-backgrounders/white-house-ghost-stories
- https://www.history.com/articles/ghosts-in-the-white-house
- https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/ghosts/
- https://www.snopes.com/articles/462560/white-house-haunted-ghost-stories/
Apparition of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Bedroom and adjacent corridorScent of damp laundry and lavender in the East RoomBootsteps and knocks in second-floor corridorsCold spots and electrical anomalies in the Yellow Oval Room
The White House Historical Association maintains a published guide to White House ghost stories that catalogs the building's documented folklore. The most frequently retold story involves Abraham Lincoln. Grace Coolidge, wife of President Calvin Coolidge, is recorded as the first person to publicly describe seeing Lincoln in the building, looking out an Oval Office window. Eleanor Roosevelt, in her syndicated newspaper column, described feeling Lincoln's presence while working in the Lincoln Bedroom (which was Lincoln's working office, not his bedroom, during his presidency). Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, staying as a guest of the Roosevelts in 1942, reportedly answered a knock on her bedroom door to find Lincoln on the threshold and fainted.
Winston Churchill, on a wartime visit, told the often-retold story of stepping naked from a bath with a cigar in hand, walking into the adjoining bedroom, and encountering Lincoln by the fireplace, to which Churchill greeted him with the line, Good evening, Mr. President. You seem to have me at a disadvantage. Lincoln, in Churchill's telling, smiled and faded.
Abigail Adams is the second most-cited presence, particularly in the East Room where she hung the family's laundry when the federal city was still swampland. Staff have reported the scent of damp linen and lavender associated with her sightings. Other named presences in the building's folklore include Dolley Madison (the Rose Garden), Andrew Jackson (the Rose Room), and the figure known as the Thing, a presidential premonition associated with the second-floor corridor.
Notable Entities
Abraham LincolnAbigail AdamsDolley MadisonAndrew Jackson
Media Appearances
- White House Historical Association: White House Ghost Stories backgrounder
- History.com: Ghosts in the White House
- George W. Bush White House Archives: Ghosts of the White House (children's site)