Bull Run's 22,000 Casualties and the Unfinished Railroad
12521 Lee Highway, Manassas, VA 20109
Age
All Ages
Cost
Free
No admission fee for the park. The Henry Hill Visitor Center is free. Parking is free.
Access
Wheelchair OK
Mix of paved paths, maintained gravel trails, and uneven grass fields on a historic battlefield. Some areas require walking on uneven ground.
Equipment
Photos OK
Est. 1861 · Civil War · First Battle of Bull Run · Second Battle of Bull Run · National Battlefield Park · Zouave Regiment History
The ground at Manassas, Prince William County, Virginia, was fought over twice within thirteen months. The First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861 ended in a Union rout that sent soldiers and civilian spectators who had come to watch the battle fleeing back toward Washington. It was the first major land battle of the Civil War and dissolved any expectation the conflict would end quickly.
The Second Battle of Bull Run, August 28-30, 1862, was a more systematically devastating engagement. The site of the heaviest fighting was the grade of the Independent Line of the Manassas Gap Railroad — a pre-war civilian rail project incorporated by the Virginia legislature in 1850 and intended to connect Gainesville to Alexandria. The line was fully cleared and graded before the war but was never tracked due to the railroad's financial difficulties. Stonewall Jackson, marching his divisions to the area on the night of August 27-28, 1862, found the abandoned cut-and-fill profile an ideal ready-made entrenchment and positioned his command behind it. Union forces under John Pope attacked the position repeatedly over two days and were repulsed with severe losses.
On August 30, 1862, the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry — the Duryée Zouaves, named for their distinctive French Algerian colonial-style uniform — charged the Confederate position. In approximately ten minutes of fighting, the regiment suffered roughly 300 casualties, with about half of those killed. It was among the highest regimental casualty rates of any single engagement during the war.
Combined casualties across both battles exceeded 22,000. The park was established by Congress in 1940 and is administered by the National Park Service. The Henry Hill Visitor Center at 12521 Lee Highway provides a 45-minute orientation film, a Civil War artifact museum, maps, and ranger-led programming. The Stone House, which served as a field hospital during the First Battle, is one of the best-preserved structures from the engagement and is open for visitation.
Sources
The paranormal accounts from Manassas Battlefield follow a pattern well-documented at sites of mass battlefield trauma: residual phenomena that replay the sensory register of the event rather than interactive presences.
Visitors at dawn and dusk have independently described seeing figures in Civil War uniforms — identified as both Union and Confederate by their dress — moving along the trail system or standing still before vanishing as observers approach. The Stone House, which functioned as a hospital during the First Battle, produces reports of groaning and shadow movement from within its walls.
On Henry Hill, the most heavily contested ground in both engagements, visitors describe a heaviness and oppressive sadness without specific visual phenomena — a quality of the atmosphere on the hill rather than a discreet entity.
The Unfinished Railroad area, the site of the 5th New York Zouave Regiment's catastrophic August 30 charge, generates footstep sounds along the empty grade. The most specific account documented by the Southern Spirit Guide describes a headless apparition in Zouave uniform — consistent with the regiment's distinctive dress — seen near the railroad cut. Accompanying the sighting in various accounts: sudden cold spots, the smell of sulfur or charred material, and EMF meter activity near monuments.
Phantom sounds are documented across the battlefield: cannon fire, musketry, and voices carrying across the fields with no visible source and no active reenactment scheduled. Multiple paranormal researchers and regular visitors have reported the cannon sounds, making them among the most frequently cited phenomena at the site.
The Ghost Doctors paranormal investigation tour company offers structured evening investigations of the Old Town Manassas area, with dates documented through November 2025 on patch.com and their own website. They use standard investigation equipment — EMF meters, infrared cameras, Geiger counters — and have previously documented audio anomalies during tours.
Notable Entities
Follow the park's trail network across Henry Hill — the most heavily contested high ground in both battles — and out to the Unfinished Railroad cut, where Second Battle of Manassas fighting was fiercest. The visitor center's 45-minute orientation film and Civil War artifact museum anchor the visit. The Stone House on the battlefield served as a field hospital and is one of the best-preserved structures from the engagement.
The Ghost Doctors run private-operator paranormal-investigation tours of Old Town Manassas (not the battlefield itself) using EMF meters, thermal imaging cameras, infrared temperature detectors, dowsing rods, and EVP equipment. Tours run 1h45m-2h and emphasize hands-on investigation technique over storytelling. Book via ghostdoctors.com or call (703) 686-4564 for private events.
Every HauntBound history is researched from documented sources. We clearly separate verified historical fact from paranormal folklore.
Manassas, VA
Manassas National Battlefield Park preserves over 5,000 acres of the ground on which the First and Second Battles of Bull Run were fought in July 1861 and August 1862. The First Battle was the first major land engagement of the American Civil War. The park was established in 1936 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.
Hammond, OR
Battery Russell is one of nine concrete coastal-artillery emplacements built between 1897 and 1906 to defend the mouth of the Columbia River as part of Fort Stevens. Completed in 1904 and named for Civil War Brig. Gen. David A. Russell, the battery mounted two 10-inch M1888 'disappearing' rifles. It was decommissioned in 1944. On the night of June 21-22, 1942, the Japanese submarine I-25 surfaced offshore and fired roughly 17 shells in the direction of the fort — the first foreign attack on a mainland U.S. military installation since the War of 1812. The site is preserved within Fort Stevens State Park, Hammond, Oregon.
Fredericksburg, VA
Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park preserves land from four Civil War battlefields fought between December 1862 and May 1864: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Wilderness, and Spotsylvania Court House. Established February 14, 1927, the park covers 8,405 acres and records more than 15,000 killed and 85,000 wounded across the four engagements. It remains the longest-named unit in the National Park system.