c.1840 Greek Revival mansion built by enslaved labor — Buncombe County's oldest brick house and home of the Asheville Museum of History
283 Victoria Road, Asheville, NC 28801
Research updated May 2026
Age
All Ages
Cost
$$
Asheville Museum of History admission applies; check current rates with the museum.
Access
Limited Access
1840 brick mansion with original stairs and uneven historic flooring; first-floor accessibility partial, upper floors and basement not accessible.
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Photos OK
Est. 1840 · Oldest surviving brick house in Buncombe County · Greek Revival architecture built by enslaved labor · National Register of Historic Places (1975) · Home of the Asheville Museum of History
The Smith-McDowell House was built circa 1840 by James McConnell Smith, son of Revolutionary War veteran Colonel Daniel Smith and a wealthy Asheville businessman. The house is the oldest surviving brick structure in Buncombe County and an important regional example of Greek Revival with Federal-period elements.
The house was constructed by enslaved laborers and maintained by them throughout its early decades. James McConnell Smith was one of Buncombe County's largest enslavers; available records indicate he held at least 70 enslaved people around the time of the house's construction. After Smith's death in 1856, his son John inherited 13 enslaved individuals. The McDowell family purchased the property in 1859 and enslaved roughly 40 additional people during their tenure. Together the Smith and McDowell families held more than 100 enslaved individuals over the property's pre-Civil War history.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1975. Today the Western North Carolina Historical Association owns and operates the property as the Asheville Museum of History. Permanent exhibits reopened in October 2023 cover the history of 23 western North Carolina counties, including the lives of both free and enslaved people in the region. The museum's interpretation treats the property's slavery history directly rather than as background — a deliberate departure from earlier antebellum-romance framings common in Southern historic-house museums.
Sources
Asheville Terrors, Mountain Xpress, and the North Carolina Haunted Houses directory all report a consistent set of legends associated with the Smith-McDowell House. The most-named spirits are two girls, identified in tour-operator tradition as 'Carrie' and 'Sarah,' said to have died at the home. Their specific identities have not been independently documented; their names are drawn from house-tradition rather than verified vital records.
A more troubling presence, called 'the Dark One' in regional ghost lore, is associated with the property's slaveholding history. Sources describe this figure as the remnant of a cruel overseer or enslaver — a folkloric framing that places responsibility for the property's hauntedness on the perpetrators of slavery rather than on the people they enslaved.
In 2006 the museum invited the League of Energy Materialization and Unexplained Phenomena Research (LEMUR), a local paranormal investigation group, to study the building. According to the museum's account and regional press, LEMUR reported identifying four spirits and two additional unidentified entities. Visitors and staff have described cold spots, the sensation of being touched in the basement, and hearing their names called.
The museum's current interpretive program addresses the slavery history of the property directly and frames the ghost lore in that context. The Mountain Xpress treatment notes that 'heavy history haunts' the museum — placing the paranormal tradition within the moral weight of what occurred on the grounds rather than romanticizing the antebellum period.
Notable Entities
Media Appearances
Tour the c.1840 brick mansion that now houses the Asheville Museum of History. Permanent exhibits, reopened in October 2023, address 23 counties of Western North Carolina history including the lives of the enslaved people whose labor built and maintained the property.
The Smith-McDowell House is included on multiple Asheville haunted tour itineraries; tour content references the 2006 LEMUR paranormal investigation and the house's slavery history.
Every HauntBound history is researched from documented sources. We clearly separate verified historical fact from paranormal folklore.
Frederick, MD
The Gaslight House at 118 East Church Street is an Italianate rowhome dating to the 1810s, expanded over time into an L-shape by the mid-1880s. The building passed through multiple owners over two centuries; since November 2021 it has operated as the Gaslight Gallery, a contemporary art venue.
Birmingham, AL
Arlington Antebellum Home & Gardens is Birmingham's only surviving antebellum Greek Revival mansion. The two-story frame house was built in the 1840s under the direction of Judge William S. Mudd, who acquired the property at public auction in 1842; the construction was performed by enslaved African-American laborers. During the 1865 Wilson's Raid the home served as a temporary Union headquarters under General James H. Wilson, which spared it from the destruction that consumed many surrounding properties. It is operated today as a decorative arts museum by the City of Birmingham and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
Wilmington, NC
The Bellamy Mansion at 503 Market Street in Wilmington, North Carolina was constructed between 1859 and 1861 for Dr. John D. Bellamy and his family. The 22-room Italianate mansion was built largely by enslaved and freed Black artisans. Union forces occupied the home in early 1865, and two Bellamy daughters — Eliza and Ellen — lived in the house until their deaths, with Ellen remaining until 1946.