Est. 1888 · Founded 1888 by Emily Catherine Prudden; American Missionary Association school for African American students · Significant institution of African American education in the segregated South; closed 1955 · Site of the documented 1974 murder of 16-year-old Kathleen Ruth Smiley · Buildings demolished; cemetery and a North Carolina historical marker remain
Lincoln Academy was established by missionary educator Emily Catherine Prudden, who in the mid-1880s purchased land in the Crowders Mountain area of Gaston County, North Carolina, between present-day Gastonia and Kings Mountain. The school, named for President Abraham Lincoln, opened in 1888 as a boarding school for African American girls and soon became coeducational. In 1888 the American Missionary Association of the Congregational Church took over its administration.
Over the following decades the academy grew substantially, adding Cathcart Memorial Hall in 1900 and additional dormitories and classroom buildings. By 1916 it enrolled more than 200 students with a dozen teachers, drawing boarding students from across the region during an era when public education for Black children in the South was scarce and underfunded. The state began converting the academy toward public-school status in the 1920s, and it gained state accreditation by the late 1930s.
When Gaston County finally opened new public schools for African American students in 1955, Lincoln Academy closed. Its program was effectively succeeded by Lincoln High School in Bessemer City. In the years since, the academy's buildings were demolished, leaving an overgrown former campus, a cemetery, and a North Carolina historical marker commemorating the school's role in African American education.
The site entered a darker chapter on April 21, 1974, when the body of 16-year-old Kathleen Ruth Smiley, a high-school senior from the Atlanta area, was found there. That crime, detailed below, is the source of the location's modern reputation.
Sources
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Academy_(Kings_Mountain,_North_Carolina)
- https://gastonlibrary.libguides.com/lincoln-academy
- https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=108710
- https://digital.lib.ecu.edu/ncpi/view/36042
- https://law.justia.com/cases/north-carolina/supreme-court/1975/7-1-2.html
Green or purple mist along the roadSense of dread near the cemeteryApparition of a young woman
Unlike most rural North Carolina ghost stories, the Lincoln Academy legend is anchored to a documented and solved crime. On April 21, 1974, Kathleen Ruth Smiley, a 16-year-old senior at Lakeside High School in the Atlanta area, was abducted near Interstate 85 while driving her car. Two men, later identified as Pinkney Thomas Mitchell and Wallace Charles Lanford, took her to the abandoned Lincoln Academy grounds near Crowders Mountain, where she was beaten, raped, and killed. Both men were arrested, convicted, and died in prison. These facts are documented in period newspaper coverage, a North Carolina Folklore Journal study of the legend's evolution, and a long-running tribute maintained in Smiley's memory.
In the decades since, the abandoned site and its cemetery have drawn ghost-story tellers and paranormal investigators. Common reports describe a green or purple mist drifting along the road, a heavy feeling of dread near the old cemetery a few hundred yards from where the school stood, and the apparition of a young woman associated with Smiley.
HauntBound notes that the anonymous folklore submission that circulates for this site garbles the history badly, casting the academy as an 'all-girls school' and inventing a gang attack and mutilation that did not happen. We do not repeat those fabrications. The real crime was the abduction and murder of one young woman by two men, and it deserves to be told accurately and without sensationalism. We present this entry as a true-crime and remembrance site, asking visitors to treat the location and Kathleen Smiley's memory with respect rather than as entertainment.
Notable Entities
Spirit associated with Kathleen Ruth Smiley
Where this legend is told
