Aerial survey · USDA NAIP · public domainOn April 18, 1864, Confederate forces ambushed a Union supply train and massacred soldiers of the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry — Arkansas's worst documented Civil War atrocity — on 84 acres now preserved as a state park.
4800 S AR-76, Camden, AR 71701
Research updated June 2026
Age
All Ages
Cost
Free
Free day-use admission. Arkansas State Parks manages the site.
Access
Wheelchair OK
Flat to gently rolling terrain; interpretive trail is mostly mowed grass path accessible to most visitors.
Equipment
Photos OK
Est. 1864 · April 18, 1864 — massacre of 1st Kansas Colored Infantry, worst documented Civil War atrocity in Arkansas · Post-battle killing of wounded and surrendering Black soldiers documented in period accounts · Part of Camden Expedition National Historic Landmark · 84-acre Arkansas State Park
In April 1864, Union General Frederick Steele's Army of Arkansas moved on Camden as part of a coordinated campaign with Banks's Red River expedition. Steele's force needed supplies, and on April 17 he sent a foraging column of roughly 1,800 men south from Camden toward Prairie D'Ane under Colonel James M. Williams. The column included the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry, one of the first Black regiments mustered into Union service.
Confederate General Sterling Price positioned approximately 3,600 men — including forces from Brigadier General John Marmaduke and Brigadier General Samuel Maxey commanding Native American brigades from the Indian Territory — along the road at Poison Spring. On the morning of April 18, the Confederate force attacked the Union column from multiple directions as it attempted to return to Camden.
The 1st Kansas Colored Infantry held the rear guard and bore the worst of the attack. As the Union column routed, Confederate soldiers killed wounded and surrendering Black soldiers from the regiment. Period accounts, including Union reports and survivor testimony, document that wounded men were shot rather than taken prisoner and that some bodies were mutilated. The total losses among the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry were disproportionately high relative to white units engaged the same day.
The exact death toll is documented variously as over 200 total Union dead across the engagement, with the proportion from the 1st Kansas Colored being the subject of detailed scholarship. Wikipedia's documentation of the battle draws on Congressional investigations and period military reports establishing the massacres as deliberate rather than incidental to the fighting.
The state park preserves 84 acres of the Camden Expedition National Historic Landmark. An interpretive trail and markers explain the battle, the Camden Expedition, and the massacre of the Black soldiers. The park is one of several sites on the Camden Expedition driving tour through Ouachita County.
Sources
Poison Springs does not have a rich paranormal tradition in the formal sense — no ghost tours operate here, no investigators have published detailed reports, and no named apparitions are associated with the site. What the site does have is a documented pattern of anomalous photography reports: investigators and visitors who have brought cameras to the battlefield describe a higher-than-typical rate of lens flares, orbs, and unexplained light artifacts that they associate with the site's history.
The Explore Southern History site, which documents Dark-history sites across the region, notes this photography phenomenon from a visitor investigation and distinguishes it from sites where nothing anomalous was recorded. Whether the effect represents genuine paranormal activity, atmospheric conditions particular to the Ouachita County bottomland, or investigator expectation bias is not determinable from the available record.
The more significant aspect of Poison Springs as a dark-history site is its documented history of atrocity: the killing and mutilation of wounded and surrendering Black soldiers from the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry on April 18, 1864, is documented in Congressional investigations and period military records. The 84 preserved acres and the interpretive trail exist specifically so that what happened at Poison Spring is not forgotten.
Walk the 84-acre preserved battlefield along a marked interpretive trail explaining the April 18, 1864 Confederate ambush of a Union foraging train from Camden. The trail covers the engagement positions, the fate of the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry, and the site's designation as part of the Camden Expedition National Historic Landmark.
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Leola, AR
The Battle of Jenkins' Ferry was fought on April 30, 1864, on the banks of the Saline River in what is now Grant County, Arkansas. Confederate forces caught the retreating Union Army of General Frederick Steele at the river crossing during the Red River Campaign. By percentage of casualties relative to forces engaged, Jenkins' Ferry ranks among the Civil War's most costly single-day engagements. The 67-acre state park preserves the site of the pontoon bridge crossing.
Aerial survey · USDA NAIPPrairie Grove, AR
The Battle of Prairie Grove (December 7, 1862) produced nearly 2,700 casualties as Union General James Blunt and Confederate General Thomas Hindman fought to a bloody standstill across Washington County farms. The Borden family farmhouse stood at the center of the worst fighting; the family returned to find hundreds of bodies stacked in their yard. Confederate forces withdrew that night and never mounted another major offensive in northwest Arkansas.
Hammond, OR
Battery Russell is one of nine concrete coastal-artillery emplacements built between 1897 and 1906 to defend the mouth of the Columbia River as part of Fort Stevens. Completed in 1904 and named for Civil War Brig. Gen. David A. Russell, the battery mounted two 10-inch M1888 'disappearing' rifles. It was decommissioned in 1944. On the night of June 21-22, 1942, the Japanese submarine I-25 surfaced offshore and fired roughly 17 shells in the direction of the fort — the first foreign attack on a mainland U.S. military installation since the War of 1812. The site is preserved within Fort Stevens State Park, Hammond, Oregon.